More than 100 horse feed manufacturers, veterinarians, students, and other industry professionals from more than a dozen countries recently attended the 17th Kentucky Equine Research Nutrition Conference held in Lexington, Kentucky. The multi-day meeting featured lectures by international authorities on feeding and management of sport horses in various disciplines such as endurance riding and three-day eventing. Topics included heart rate metrics, drug use guidelines and restrictions, antioxidant research, use of electrolytes for hydration and recovery, management of metabolic and muscle diseases, and the diagnosis and treatment of joint problems in equine athletes. Dr. Joe Pagan, president of Kentucky Equine Research, reviewed clinical studies that have revealed key facts about equine nutrition and exercise physiology. In many cases, this research has led to the development of nutritional products and supplements used by horses competing successfully at the Olympic Games level.

Summaries of the Conference Presentations

• Pagan Kicks Off First Day of KER Nutrition Conference
• Challenges of Endurance Exercise: Water and Electrolyte Depletion
• Antioxidant Research and Its Application to Feeding Horses
• Pursuing the Genetic Basis for Tying-Up Syndromes
• Advances in Diagnosis of Equine Joint Disease
• Remarks on the Benefits of Heart Rate Recordings
• Veterinary Care for Competition Horses While Staying Within the Medication Rules
• McIlwraith on Management of Joint Disease in the Sport Horse
• Feeding the Elite Sport Horse
• Feeding Management of the Three-Day Event Horse
• The Management of Tying-Up in Sport Horses: Challenges and Successes
• Observations and Recommendations for Feeding the Endurance Horse

Kathleen Crandell, Ph.D., a nutritionist with Kentucky Equine Research, shared her extensive knowledge of feeding endurance horses with the audience at the 17^th KER Nutrition Conference.

Crandell gave a brief overview of endurance riding before launching into the nutritional management of these equine athletes.

Forage is a major source of energy, and provides essential nutrients and bulk for the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the endurance horses in the United States are on pasture 24 hours a day, with free-choice access to forage. Another advantage of full-day turnout is the freedom of horses to move about as they choose, which is best for muscle and joint health.

The best hay for endurance horses is usually the best hay that is available, though for endurance horses grass hay is preferred. This is primarily because legume hays such as alfalfa often have too much protein and calcium, and there is a risk for enterolith (intestinal stone) formation. Other forage choices for horses are chaff (dried chopped forage), hay cubes, and hay pellets. Super fibers, specifically beet pulp and soy hulls, can supply a significant amount of calories to endurance horses.

Starch is more concentrated in energy than fiber, so it is often used to add calories to a ration. Starch is most often supplied by cereal grains. Cereal grains are not balanced for forages, so they often require a ration balancer for optimal nutrition. A ration balancer is a low-intake feed (1 to2 pounds per day) that provides vitamins and minerals not supplied in forages. Fortified concentrates (textured or pelleted feed) best complement forages for horses that require more calories.

Sugars such as molasses and honey are often used to improve palatability of both feeds and water. It is also used in competitions to allow for quick recovery from a drop in glucose.

Fat is often included in the rations of endurance horses. These include vegetable oils, powdered vegetable or animal fat, and rice bran, among others. Fat is a more concentrated energy source than starch, so it adds calories without increasing meal size. Fat cannot be the sole energy source for endurance horses, and rarely do endurance horse rations exceed 5% fat.

Protein is not a major source of energy for endurance horses, though it is an essential nutrient. The protein requirement for the average endurance horse is 8 to 10%, which can easily be supplied through good-quality forage. The highest requirement for protein is following a race when horses are rebuilding damaged body tissues.

Most endurance riders in the United States seek out high-fiber, high-fat, low-starch feeds.

The key to a successful ride is to keep endurance horses eating. Everything that will be fed at the ride should be fed in the weeks leading up to the race. Nothing new should be introduced into the diet on the day of the race as this can lead to gastrointestinal problems. 

Stephanie Valberg, D.V.M., Ph.D., a professor at the University of Minnesota, presented four clinical cases of horses with muscle disease and recommended therapies for each.

The first case presented was a three-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with typical signs of tying-up. For this gelding, exercise intolerance and toe dragging occurred at 15-20 minutes after the onset of exercise. Physical examination revealed symmetrical muscle development and normal neurological assessment. Lameness examination uncovered no unsoundness, and resting creatine kinase (CK) levels were normal. The exercise challenge involved a two-minute walk and a two-minute trot, which was repeated for 15 minutes with careful observation. CK levels following exercise were abnormally high. Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) were considered possible diagnoses. Diagnostic approach included genetic testing and biopsy. Genetic testing, which normally requires a 7- to 14-day turnaround time), revealed the horse had Type 1 PSSM and MH. Nutritional management was the key to managing this horse's disease. In general, avoiding high-starch feeds is one way to treat PSSM. A low-starch, high-fat, high-fiber feed (Re-Leve®) is indicated for horses with high energy needs. PSSM horses are often easy keepers, however, so rations should not exceed daily caloric requirement. Hay with a low nonstructural carbohydrate content should be selected. The outcome for this horse was positive with less stiffness, though there was occasional recurrence of disease in spring and fall.

The second case involved an eight-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding. He performed well for six months but then became lame in a foreleg. Once the lameness was addressed, he became difficult to ride with trouble holding the canter and periodic bucking. Lameness evaluation revealed a torn hind suspensory ligament. He was rested and then put back into work following a three-month rest. Follow-up physical examination revealed weight loss and tight musculature, especially over the back. When lunged, he was explosive initially and then lost all enthusiasm. Muscle biopsy revealed excessive glycogen concentrations. The genetic test for Type 1 PSSM was normal. The diagnosis, therefore, was Type 2 PSSM. Reworking this gelding's nutrition helped significantly. Alfalfa hay was replaced with a low-NSC hay, and circulating fat was increased by feeding a moderate amount of Re-Leve®. Exercise included light work, with collection and canter work beginning after one month. The horse returned to normal with this protocol.

The third case was a 10-year-old Quarter Horse that was used for dressage. He was being fed a high-fat diet and grass hay. He had chronic lameness issues. After a long, hard lesson, the horse seemed to be suffering from tying-up with stiffness and mild elevation of CK. The owner felt the gelding's gaits were not as fluid as they had been, particularly the canter. He became incredibly short-strided and stiff. Genetic testing revealed no PSSM or MH. Muscle biopsy revealed huge lipid droplets in certain fibers, and the notion of a lipid storage myopathy was advanced by Valberg. To manage this horse, he was placed on oats and a ration balancer as well as an appropriate grass hay. He was turned out as often as possible, and he recovered fully.

The final case presented was a four-year-old Thoroughbred-Quarter Horse filly that had recently switched careers to be an event horse. She had mild lameness, and hock arthritis was found. After a 15-minute exercise test, her CK was elevated. The history and clinical signs, as well as muscle biopsy, pointed to a diagnosis of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). The disease is most often seen in young, nervous fillies, a description that fit this filly perfectly. The management approach included a clear-cut routine, maximal turnout, and a high-fat, low-starch feed (Re-Leve®). The filly continued to do well until she went off of her feed. Endoscopy revealed gastric ulcers, and treatment cleared up that problem. The mare continued on her feed, and she has not had another tying-up episode since she was begun on the new management regime.

Carey Williams, Ph.D., an associate equine specialist at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, described the nutritional management of elite equine athletes in her talk titled, "Feeding Management of the Three-Day Event Horse."

After a general introduction that detailed basic nutrition for sport horses, Williams spoke specifically about feeding practices and supplement use in top-level horses. She and her coworkers compared actual practices against research-driven recommendations by using data collected at a two- and three-star event over two consecutive years.

Feeding frequency was surveyed. Most three-day event horses are fed two or three times. If fed three times a day, a noontime feeding was given. Horses were fed approximately 1.5% of body weight in forage daily, primarily grass hay. In terms of concentrate, horses were being fed about 1% of body weight. Some of the riders, however, were feeding too much concentrate in a single meal. Generally, horses should not consume more than 2.5 kg (5 lb) of concentrate in a single meal. Pasture access was about half the day, nearly 12 hours.

Supplement use was monitored. On average, horses were given four supplements per day. Some received less, some received more. Most received electrolytes and generally more than half were given salt daily (block, top-dressed on feed, or both). Joint supplements were popular with more than half of the horses receiving one kind or more. Several of the caretakers were administering joint supplements as a preventive. Injectable joint products were also administered to nearly all horses. Many of the horses were also given supplemental fat.

Horses in the study were obtaining their nutritional requirements from the diets, though certain horses were at risk for oversupplementation.

KER president and founder Joe Pagan, Ph.D., discussed the nutritional trends that arose during several international competitions, including four Olympics Games (1996 Atlanta, 2000 Sydney, 2004 Athens, and 2008 Hong Kong) and two World Equestrian Games (WEG; 2002 Juarez, 2006 Aachen). Though the Olympic competitions have international significance, they are relatively small horses shows with approximately 150 to 215 equine athletes on site. At the WEG, conversely, have several hundred horses competing.

At each of the competitions, Pagan explained the challenges that sprung up with each change of venue. Suitable forages were harder get in certain locations. High-quality timothy hay, often from the Pacific Northwest of the United States, was available at all of the venues. Other forage choices such as chaff and haylage were available as well.

For each of these competitions, KER Team Members supplied suitable feeds to competitors representing several nations. In addition to textured and pelleted feeds, KER found high-quality cereal grains (oats, corn, barley, etc.) for the equine competitors.

Aside from hay, other forage products, and concentrates, KER also supplied bedding for many of these competitions. Shavings were easy to supply, as were bales of wheat straw. Some of the competitors preferred shredded newspaper, and this bedding was more difficult to obtain at certain venues. However, KER was always able to find a supplier.

Starting off the second day of the 17^th KER Nutrition Conference, C. Wayne McIlwraith, D.V.M., director of the Orthopaedic Research Center at Colorado State University, continued on the topic of joint health with his presentation titled "Prevention and Management of Joint Disease in the Sport Horse."

According to one study cited by McIlwraith, 60% of lameness problems are associated with osteoarthritis. The goal of osteoarthritis treatment is to return the joint to normal as quickly as possible, primarily by reducing the pain and minimizing the progression of joint deterioration.

Treatments for osteoarthritis are varied.

-Physiotherapy such as swimming and underwater treadmills are popular rehabilitation tools, but more controlled studies are needed to ascertain their effectiveness.

-Extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreases lameness and synovial fluid parameters of inflammation, though more clinical studies should be undertaken.

-Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory steroids (NSAIDs) are a routine part of management. Recent focus has been on topical NSAIDs (such as 1% diclofenac sodium cream or Surpass®) rather than systemic ones. Recent research at Colorado State University revealed a superiority of topical NSAIDs over systemic NSAIDs.

Intraarticular corticosteroids are still used frequently with much success, though certain corticosteroids are safer than others and attention must be paid to total dosage.

Intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) appears to be useful for mild to moderate synovitis, but adjunctive use of a corticosteroid is necessary for most clinical cases. Evidence for long-term disease-modifying activity is accumulating, said McIlwraith. Combination intraarticular therapy involves using HA and corticosteroids simultaneously. The recommended combination is HA and triamcinolone acetonide (Vetalog®).

Oral joint supplements are popular among horsemen, even though there are little data to support effectiveness. None of the oral supplements or oral nutraceuticals are licensed, and proof of efficacy is generally lacking.

Newer therapies were also discussed, including gene therapy and IRAP®.

Kent Allen, D.V.M., currently focuses on top-level sports medicine, lameness, and diagnostic imaging in private practice. He has maintained a long-term relationship with the United Stated Equestrian Federation (USEF) and the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI), concentrating primarily on medication issues. Horses competing in FEI-sanctioned events are the most scrutinized athletes--including humans--in the world, according to Allen.

Top-tier equine athletes often require medication to stay in competitive form. Not all medications should be thought of as performance-enhancing. Allen pointed to gastric ulcers as an example of a man-made condition that is hard to avoid, based on the transitory and confined lives these horses often endure. Hives, in response to new bedding, is another example of an ailment that requires medication. Administration of medication, however, must be accomplished under strict guidelines

Allen provided an overview of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, "natural" supplements such as valerian root, nutritional supplements, and contaminated feed.

Substances are divided into three groups: prohibited, restricted, and unrestricted. Permitted substances include antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiulcer, and antiparasitic agents as well as antibiotics. Also allowed are vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and hormonal products for mares so long as they are given for therapeutic reasons.

Forbidden substances are those that might affect performance or might interfere with testing. Drugs that affect performance include psychotropics, stimulants, depressants, tranquilizers, and local anesthetics. Psycotrophic medications are particularly dangerous with unpredictable side effects. Corticosteroids and anabolic steroids are forbidden substances. Legitimate use of prohibited substances is possible as long as certain, though strict, criteria are met.

Differences between the USEF and FEI medication programs were described by Allen.

Allen differentiated between detection times and withdrawal times after drug administration. Detection times do not include a suitable margin of safety, a time period that is necessary to account for individual responses to medications. Withdrawal times include this margin of safety.

Manfred Coenen, a veterinary researcher at the University of Leipzig, Germany, gave an overview of ATP synthesis in the body at the 17^th KER Nutrition Conference, Lexington, KY. Maximal oxygen consumption depends largely on body weight on locomotion. Increases in speed will increase heart rate, and as heart rate increases, so too does oxygen consumption. Therefore, it might be possible to estimate oxygen consumption base on heart rate.

Heart rate recording is a simple way to measure the intensity of exercise, according to Coenen. It can provide useful, objective information about the athletic effort for the rider. The close relationship of heart rate and oxygen consumption can be used to estimate maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic energy expenditure. This information can be used to develop individual training strategies for horses.

C. Wayne McIlwraith, D.V.M., director of the Orthopaedic Research Center at Colorado State University, spoke about the current state of diagnosis of equine joint disease. Early recognition is critical for both short-term and long-term soundness.

Currently, clinical examination and radiographic imaging are the most commonly used techniques for diagnosis of cartilage disease. McIlwraith mentioned that there is usually a good correlation between severity of clinical signs (lameness or joint swelling) and the amount of damage or disease found at arthroscopy.

Diagnosis of equine joint is done primarily through clinical examination, gait analysis, imaging, and biomarkers. Clinical examination is the most basic of the diagnostic tools and involves a standard lameness evaluation. Gait analysis is yet another diagnostic tool that is showing promise, but it is not at a point where it is useful from a practical perspective.

Advances in imaging, howver, have changed the way veterinarians diagnose lameness. Computed and digital radiographs are still a major focus of a lameness examination, though subtle changes are sometimes not identifiable. Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical tool used frequently, though horses must be anesthetized for this procedure to be done. CT can determine the density of bone, which may then indicate an increased propensity for fracture.

Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) is a sensitive and specific imaging tool for examination of hard and soft tissues. Like CT, it usually requires anesthetization unless low-field strength MRI is used. It is as good as arthroscopy for detecting subchondral lesions.

Ultrasound is still an important tool for clinical definition of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions, ligament injuries, and stifle issues, among other problems.

Nuclear scintigraphy is a sensitive, nonspecific screening technique. It is a good predictor of subchondral bone disease. It is more sensitive than MRI and arthroscopy.

Biomarkers (biochemical markers or molecular markers) measure the normal products and byproducts of metabolic processes occurring with the skeletal tissue. Biomarkers are released into the joint space and eventually into the bloodstream. Synovial fluid and serum are used as biomarkers because cartilage degradation involves destruction of the collagen framework and loss of proteoglycan products of type II collagen, and proteoglycans are liberated in increasing concentrations into the synovial fluid and ultimately the serum. Clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of serum biomarkers in diagnosing early joint disease, and detailing changes in osteoarthritis that can be differentiated from change in exercise.

In the most recent study done at Colorado State University, McIlwraith and coworkers analyzed serum biomarkers and indicated potential usefulness in the early prediction of intra-articular fractures, as well as stress fractures and injury to tendons and ligaments.

Stephanie Valberg, D.V.M., Ph.D., a professor at the University of Minnesota, spoke about the genetic basis for different forms of tying-up. Horses possess 20,000 genes on 33 chromosomes. Through mutation, the genetic code of horses can be altered. Mutations are usually corrected before they are passed on to their descendants, though this is not always the case. Too, as horses age, DNA repair fails or becomes less efficient.

Following a discussion of recessive and dominant traits, Valberg introduced genetic testing, stating that expression of a gene mutation may not be identical among all affected horses. Environment and diet, for example, might change expression between two horses with the same gene mutation. Many diseases have complex genetic traits, where more than one gene is implicated in a genetic defect.

According to Valberg, genetic approaches to disease identification have been researched for glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (GBED), malignant hyperthermia (MH), and certain forms of tying-up.

Valberg explained the importance of genetic mapping of disease genes. Mapping uses the "position-dependent" approach, identifying the chromosomal region first. She implemented this approach with horses affected with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM). She found one area on the chromosome that was similar on all genetic profiles. Identification of a sequence change must be followed up by a definite change in the gene's function, which Valberg and her coworkers discovered. The next step is to survey the population to find which breeds are affected. The researchers found many breeds that have the genetic disorder.

With regard to recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, another form of tying-up, most affected horses are high-strung fillies. Muscle biopsies and breeding trials revealed no sex predilection. Clinical signs, however, showed a sex predilection was verified. On a genetic level, a few genes have been identified. One segment is significantly associated with both sexes; another segment is associated with females only. Further research is ongoing.

Valberg emphasized the need for horse owners and breed associations to use the wealth of information provided by these genetic tests.

Carey Williams, Ph.D., an associate equine specialist at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, described the importance of antioxidants in equine nutrition, highlighting the studies she has undertaken during her tenure as a researcher.

Oxidative stress occurs in horses at all times but is accelerated during exercise, aging, and disease processes. Defense mechanisms against oxidative stress include vitamins E, C, and A as well as certain enzymes. Though oxidative stress cannot be directly measured with ease, intermediate or end products during oxidation can be measured.

The first two studies discussed by Williams involved 80-km endurance rides. In the first study, 46 horses were separated into two groups and given either vitamin E, or vitamin E and vitamin C. for three weeks prior to the race Thirty-four horses completed the race. Conclusions derived include that horses were in fact undergoing oxidative stress, though the effects of antioxidant supplementation could not be evaluated as beneficial because there was no control group used in the study.

In the second study, 40 horses were used. Two groups were created following the race: finishers and nonfinishers. Levels of vitamin E consumed prior to the races differed considerably, ranging from 1150 to 4700 IU/day. Most horses with high vitamin E intakes had greater access to pasture than horses with lower intakes. A negative correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and muscle damage, and a positive correlation was found with intake and plasma vitamin E. A negative correlation was found between finishing time and vitamin E intake for the 24 horses that finished the race. According to Williams, one hypothesis for this finding could be that the higher-placed horses were working at greater intensity and/or being trained harder, thus having more sweet feed or supplements in the diet. Their higher level of conditioning may also have allowed these horses to work harder with lower muscle enzyme activities.

In the third study, treadmill-trained Arabians were separated into three groups: vitamin E, lopoic acid, and control. A simulated endurance exercise test of three exercise bouts totaling 55 km, with 20-minute vet checks separating each. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) was measured. Results showed that apoptosis occurs in white blood cells during exercise, and it can be moderated by supplementation with vitamin E or lopoic acid. The vitamin E group had 50% lower and the lopoic acid group had 40% lower apoptosis compared to the control group. The increase in antioxidant status in the vitamin E and lipoic acid groups aided the white blood cells in scavenging the free radicals, thereby triggering the apoptosis in these cells.

The studies presented by Williams have positively shown oxidative stress during endurance, intense, and treadmill exercise, though oxidative stress and muscle-enzyme leakage was dependent on numerous factors (environmental conditions, level of exercise, conditioning of horse, for example). Supplementing with antioxidants decreases oxidative stress and muscle-enzyme leakage.

Hal Schott, D.V.M, Ph.D., a professor at Michigan State University, spoke next. His talk, titled "Challenges of Endurance Exercise: Water and Electrolyte Depletion," discussed the most popular endurance trials in the horse world, primarily endurance rides and the speed and endurance phase of three-day events, and the performance problems associated with hydration and electrolyte balance.

He discussed the role of dehydration on performance and in the development of metabolic problems and exhaustion. A syndrome known as "involuntary dehydration" is quite common among endurance athletes and results in a significant change in body mass. Involuntary dehydration can be defined as a condition in which body fluid losses are only partially replaced by drinking during and shortly after the exercise bout.

Schott then discussed ailments that affect human endurance athletes such as hyperthermia and hyponatremia. Hyperthermia is not often documented in horses. Hyponatremia, a well-documented condition in humans that causes nausea, pulmonary edema, and neurological deficits, has not yet been recognized as a problem among equine endurance athletes.

Dehydration among endurance exercise is unavoidable. An average of 5% body weight loss is expected during endurance exercise. This contrasts with humans, who often lose 2-3% of body weight. Most body weight is lost during the early stages of the ride.

Schott explained "exhausted horse syndrome," a consequence of dehydration due to prolonged sweating during an exercise bout. This syndrome is characterized by synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (thumps), muscle fasciculations, colic pain associated with ileus, rhabdomyolysis, collapse, neurological deficits, and multiple organ failure. Horses often have rapid recovery with administration of relatively small amounts of intravenous fluids.

Failure of horses to eat drink is likely an important warning signs for impending problems during a ride. Limiting dehydration is paramount. While forced drinking is not practical, proper nutritional management of horses leading up to and during a ride is critical.

Joe Pagan, Ph.D., founder and president of Kentucky Equine Research (KER), gave the first talk of the 17^th KER Nutrition Conference. His talk, titled "Energetics: Choosing an Appropriate Fuel for the Performance Horse," emphasized the importance of energy selection for equine athletes. Horses can use various fuels to drive locomotion: fat, glucose, and glycogen from the liver and muscle.

Various factors affect the type of fuel used such as breed, exercise intensity and duration, type of feed, and time of feeding.Dietary sources of energy were reviewed with emphasis on carbohydrates: hydrolyzable group (simple sugars, sucrose, certain starches), rapidly fermentable group (pectin, galactan, and gums, which can be considered "beneficial;" and undigested starch from cereals and fructans from pasture, which can be considered "not beneficial"), and slowly fermentable group (plant fiber compounds).

Pagan also reviewed other energy sources. Protein supplies energy for a performance horse, but it is not an ideal fuel because it causes excessive production of body heat as well as a higher level of nitrogen in the urine, which can make stalls malodorous.

Fat as an energy source has increased in popularity over the last several years. Although it is not a usual part of the horse's natural diet, horses use added fat well. Benefits include increased density of a ration, improvement in hair coat, and, in some horses, a decrease in excitable behavior. Horses adapt well to fat as an energy source. Pagan cited a KER study in which horses performing endurance exercise became acclimated to a high-fat diet in five weeks.

Fats rich in omega-3 fatty acids are preferable to other fat sources. Benefits of omega-3 fatty acids include decreased body-wide inflammation, decreased osteroarthritis, decreased allergic hyperactivity, and increased bone formation, among others. Fish oil is the gold standard for providing omega-3 fatty acids to diets. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a capacity to increase flexibility of red blood cell walls. Increased membrane fluidity might decrease the incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

Pagan discussed feeding horses grain meals relative to time of exercise. Feeding grain two to three hours before exercise is undesirable. It is advisable to wait five hours after feeding grain before starting exercise.

Pagan reiterated the importance of meal size, feeding no more than five pounds of concentrate at one time. This reduces the risk of colic, laminitis, and hindgut acidosis. The absolute need for forage in the diet was underscored. An intake of 1.5-2% of body weight was recommended.

KER-sponsored riders Karen O'Connor and Phillip Dutton came out of the dressage phase of the Rolex Kentucky Three-Day Event in strong positions heading into cross country.

Karen and Mandiba, her mount in the 2008 Olympic Games, tied with Allison Springer for second place, while Phillip Dutton occupied three of the Top 10 positions: seventh with The Foreman, eighth with Woodburn, and tenth with Waterfront.

Riders associated with KER Team Member Pennfield Equine Feed Technologies also placed well, including Kim Severson in fourth, and Jennifer Wooten-DaFoe in twelfth. Pennfield also supports O'Connor and Dutton.

William Fox-Pitt, Becky Holder, and Oliver Townend rounded out the Top 10, with Fox-Pitt in the lead overall. See the Rolex leaderboard.

Read more about Elite Riders sponsored by KER.

Kentucky Equine Research (KER) is an international equine nutrition, research and consultation company serving both the horse owner and the feed industry. Its goal is to advance the industry's knowledge of equine nutrition and exercise physiology and apply this knowledge to produce healthier, more athletic horses.

Veteran riders Karen O'Connor and Phillip Dutton finished in first and third places respectively after the first day of dressage competition at the 2010 Rolex Kentucky Three-Day Event. Twenty-seven of the 53 entries will perform their dressage tests on Friday.

Karen is a three-time Olympian, most recently aboard Mandiba, her mount for this year's Rolex event. Phillip rode two of his four Rolex horses on the first day, claiming the third spot with The Foreman. Both riders are sponsored by Kentucky Equine Research and Pennfield Feeds, a KER Team Member.

Read more about Karen and other Elite Riders sponsored by KER.

Kentucky Equine Research (KER) is an international equine nutrition, research and consultation company serving both the horse owner and the feed industry. Its goal is to advance the industry's knowledge of equine nutrition and exercise physiology and apply this knowledge to produce healthier, more athletic horses.

Show jumping rider Chris Chugg achieved the best finish ever by an Australian when he claimed seventh place at the Rolex FEI World Cup Final in Geneva, Switzerland. Riding his 12-year-old stallion Vivant, Chugg had a clear first round, a few rails down in intermediate rounds, and a perfect final round over the challenging courses of obstacles. Vivant produced a strong effort in spite of jumping out of his stall and suffering minor injuries soon after arriving at the competition venue.

Chugg, who is sponsored by Kentucky Equine Research, will train and compete in Europe for the summer and is hoping to represent Australia at the World Equestrian Games to be held this fall in Kentucky. He uses Endurance feed from St Hippolyt, KER's Team Member affiliate in Germany, and has selected KER products Restore™, Glucos-A-Flex™, EquiShure™, EO•3™ and Preserve™ to support his horse's training and performance. "This horse just keeps getting better," Chugg commented after finishing the World Cup competition.

Kentucky Equine Research's upcoming Equine Nutrition Conference on Feeding and Veterinary Management of the Sport Horse will offer two days of educational lectures on the health, nutrition, and management of sport horses. It will also qualify attending veterinarians and veterinary technicians for 12 hours of Continuing Education credits in jurisdictions that recognize AAVSB RACE approval.

The American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) regulates Continuing Education through its 57 member veterinary licensing boards.

The prevention and management of joint disease in the sport horse will be among the topics discussed at this year's Kentucky Equine Research (KER) Nutrition Conference, held this year on April 26-27 in Lexington, Ky. Along with veterinarians and veterinary technicians, horse owners are invited to attend.

Presentations on Monday (April 26) will be in-depth scientific topics, while Tuesday's schedule covers practical management of sport horses and is geared toward horse owners, competitors, trainers, managers, vet techs, veterinarians, and others who have hands-on involvement with horses.

Click on these links for information on Registration or Hotel Reservations at the Embassy Suites in Lexington, or contact Kentucky Equine Research, 3910 Delaney Ferry Road, Versailles, KY 40383, USA; 859/873-1988; Fax 859/873-3781; e-mail info@ker.com or visit www.ker.com.KER is a world-renowned nutrition and consultation company that works with feed manufacturers to develop horse feeds suited for the particular regions in which they are to be fed. Research efforts are the cornerstone of KER, and all scientific trials are directed by Joe Pagan, PhD, and carried out by a staff of equine nutritionists and support personnel. Conclusions drawn from these trials are used in the formulation of technologically advanced feeds.

In addition to its research endeavors, KER has a rich tradition of providing top-of-the-line feed ingredients to the greatest equine athletes in the world through its Team Members. In 2000 the company was tapped to be the official nutritionist of the United States Equestrian Federation, and KER holds the same distinction for the Australian Equestrian Team.

Please contact the AAVSB RACE program if you have any comments/concerns regarding this program's validity or relevancy to the veterinary profession.

The growth of Braecrest Stables in Loretta, Ontario, from a rough piece of property to the beautiful facility it has become is a family affair. Hours of hard work from building fences to the construction of new barns and an arena has transformed Braecrest into a first-class training, boarding, and breeding facility.

At the heart of Braecrest Stables are the devotion and the knowledge of Claire Hunter. Hunter is the trainer, coach, and guiding force that clearly impresses those who seek out her abilities.
Hunter has a way of describing her equine philosophy that is equal parts knowledge and passion.

"Instilling the confidence, trust, and willingness in these animals is imperative for a successful future, whether it be in the show ring, or pleasure riding at home," she said. "When you create a relationship of mutual respect and understanding between horse and rider it results in reliable, safe, happy horse and a confident, successful rider."

Of course Claire's attention to detail extends to nutrition as well, where KER Team Member Brooks Performance Horse Feeds plays an integral role.

"At Braecrest Stables, we care for and train a huge variety of different breeds and ages of horses from foals to mature show horses. All have varied nutritional requirements and are therefore placed on individual feed programs. We chose Brooks Feeds because of the quality, consistency, and selection available. We can always depend on Brooks for our nutritional needs," remarked Claire.

"We have used these products extensively over the years: All Phase, Flax Appeal, Un- Ti, Phase II, Phase V, and Fit & Fibre. Not only are the feeds extremely palatable, the horses have never looked better. I'm proud to tell my clients that their future champions and equine partners are in very good hands with Brooks Feeds."

Photo credit Peter Jones

Megan Jones Riding Kirby Park Irish Jester

Riding Kirby Park Irish Jester, KER-sponsored rider Megan Jones won the HSBC FEI World Cup eventing qualifier at Kihikihi, New Zealand.

Jones was in first place after her dressage ride and held the lead through the final phase of competition.

Kirby Park Irish Jester was bred at the family's farm in southern Australia. This horse-and-rider pair is expected to perform well for the Australian team at the FEI World Equestrian Games to be held in the United States later in the year.

To accurately calculate the contribution forage makes to a horse's overall feeding program, forage intake as well as composition must be known. Not taking into account the contribution forage makes to a horse's overall nutrient intake can result in some serious feeding errors.

At the recent Inglis Australian Easter Yearling Sale in Sydney, top price of $1.87 million was paid for a Redoute's Choice-Regrowth colt bred by Segenhoe Stud. The colt was reared on KER Team Member Barastoc (Ridley Agriproducts) feeds and KER supplements.

The second-highest price at the sale, and top price for a filly, was $1.3 million for a Zabeel-Gin Player yearling offered by Rich Hill Stud from Matamata in New Zealand. Rich Hill depends on products from Team Member NRM Feeds to guarantee proper growth in its young horses.

Congratulations to KER clients Coolmore Stud, top vendor by aggregate at the sale, and to Rich Hill Stud who topped the averages.

In the $3.5 million Group 1 Golden Slipper (1200 meters) at Rosehill Racecourse in Australia, top filly Crystal Lily claimed victory. The Golden Slipper is the world's richest race for two-year-olds. The win was a career fourth in seven starts, with earnings of $2,289,250. Crystal Lily was bred by Contract Racing at Newham in Victoria using KER Gold Pellet.

Australian mare Typhoon Tracy won the $400,000 Group 1 Queen of the Turf Stakes (1500 meters) at the same race meet. Typhoon Tracy, a multiple Group 1 winner, was reared at Glenlogan Park Stud in Beaudesert, Queensland, using KER Low GI Cube.

Surprise winner of the $2.25 The BMW (2400 meters) was Littoria. The horse was sold as a yearling by Basinghall Thoroughbreds of Nagambie using KER All Phase Pellet and Equi-Jewel.

The care and nutrition of endurance horses will be among the topics discussed at this year's Kentucky Equine Research (KER) Nutrition Conference, held this year on April 26-27 in Lexington, Ky. Members of the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) are invited to attend at a reduced rate.

The theme of this year's conference, "Feeding and Veterinary Management of the Sport Horse," is particularly relevant as Kentucky prepares for the World Equestrian Games, to be held in Lexington this fall. KER Nutritionist Dr. Kathleen Crandell will present "Observations and Recommendations for Feeding the Endurance Horse," on Tuesday, April 27, a day dedicated to horse owners.

"My talk boils down to a discussion on the current practices--and rationale behind the best practices--for feeding the endurance horse on a daily basis and at a competition," Dr. Crandell said. "The presentation includes which forages are best for the endurance horse; what roles do starch, sugar, fat, and protein play in fueling the endurance horse; and a brief discussion on supplements."

In addition to KER's in-house experts, top veterinary researchers will be on hand at this year's conference (see list below) to discuss relevant health issues.

Presentations on Monday (April 26) will be in-depth scientific topics, while Tuesday's schedule covers practical management of sport horses and is geared toward horse owners, competitors, trainers, managers, vet techs, veterinarians, and others who have hands-on involvement with horses.

Registration for the Tuesday (April 27) Horsemen's Day is $150; members of KER-affiliated organizations (including AERC) may attend the Horsemen's Day sessions for $100. Those organizations also include the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF), United States Eventing Association (USEA), United States Dressage Federation (USDF), United States Hunter Jumper Association (USHJA), Kentucky Hunter Jumper Association (KHJA), Kentucky Dressage Association (KDA), and MidSouth Eventing and Dressage Association (MSEDA).

Following is the program of presentations and presenters for the Horsemen's Day of the 2010 KER conference, Feeding and Veterinary Management of the Sport Horse:

Tuesday, April 27th

Nutritional Management of Sport Horses: Different Systems for Different Disciplines

• Prevention and Management of Joint Disease in the Sport Horse, Dr. Wayne McIlwraith;
• The Management of Tying-Up in Sport Horses: Challenges and Successes, Dr. Stephanie Valberg;
• Electrolyte Use for Hydration of the Sport Horse, Dr. Hal Schott;
• Trends in Management of European Sport Horses, Dr. Manfred Coenen;
• Feeding the Elite Sport Horse, Dr. Joe Pagan;
• Feeding the Three-Day Event Horse, Dr. Carey Williams;
• Feeding Horses at the Winter Equestrian Festival: A Review of Common Practices, Olivia Martin, Performance Feeding;
• Observations and Recommendations for Feeding the Endurance Horse, Dr. Kathleen Crandell.

Click on these links for information on Registration or Hotel Reservations at the Embassy Suites in Lexington, or contact Kentucky Equine Research, 3910 Delaney Ferry Road, Versailles, KY 40383, USA; 859/873-1988; Fax 859/873-3781; e-mail info@ker.com or visit www.ker.com.

KER is a world-renowned nutrition and consultation company that works with feed manufacturers to develop horse feeds suited for the particular regions in which they are to be fed. Research efforts are the cornerstone of KER, and all scientific trials are directed by Joe Pagan, PhD, and carried out by a staff of equine nutritionists and support personnel. Conclusions drawn from these trials are used in the formulation of technologically advanced feeds.

In addition to its research endeavors, KER has a rich tradition of providing top-of-the-line feeds to the greatest equine athletes in the world. In 2000, the company was tapped to be the official nutritionist of the United States Equestrian Federation and holds the same distinction for the Australian Equestrian Team.

MEDIA CONTACT: Erin Ryder eryder@ker.com  

After nearly 30 years in various positions with Blood-Horse Publications, most recently as Publisher of the award-winning The Horse magazine and award-winning TheHorse.com Web site, Kimberly S. Brown has joined Kentucky Equine Research (KER) as Global Marketing Manager.

Erin Ryder, who was News Editor the past four years at The Horse, has joined Kentucky Equine Research to head up news and social media efforts for the global organization.

Brown said, "I'm incredibly excited to bring my knowledge and experiences in marketing, publishing, and digital project creation and management to KER. Kentucky Equine Research is a top-tier company with a great reputation in the industry. I look forward to working with the talented staff to take KER and its Team Members and strategic partners to the next level as the world's top sources of research-based nutrition information and education."

Brown has been a digital innovator in the equine industry, and she will bring that pioneering spirit to KER. "There are so many new ways today to reach out to horse owners and equine industry professionals with information and education," said Brown. "KER and its Team Members and strategic partners will take advantage of these new tools to improve communications with current clients and educate new ones."

Brown can be contacted at Kentucky Equine Research U.S. Corporate Office, 3910 Delaney Ferry Road, Versailles, KY 40383; 859/873-1988; KBrown@KER.com.

Ryder, a dedicated lifelong equestrian, describes horse shows as her "natural habitat." Erin has been riding and showing since she was a toddler, starting on the open show circuit before moving on to dressage competition at Arabian and open-breed USDF events. Her love of horses and showing brought her to Western Michigan University, where she competed on both the IHSA hunt and stock seat equestrian teams while simultaneously establishing her career in journalism writing for the Kalamazoo Gazette, Chelsea Standard, and equine publications.

A career opportunity with The Horse brought her to Lexington, Ky. After nearly four years with that publication, she's excited to be reconnecting with her roots through Kentucky Equine Research.

"I'm thrilled to be working with Kentucky Equine Research, a company that offers research-based solutions to the issues competing equestrians face," Ryder said. "Every hands-on horse owner wrestles with equine nutrition decisions; I look forward to helping others understand the science in order to make the right choices for their horses."

Ryder can be contacted at Kentucky Equine Research U.S. Corporate Office, 3910 Delaney Ferry Road, Versailles, KY 40383; 859/873-1988; ERyder@KER.com.